Hello, 各位同學(xué)，大家好！我們?cè)谘潘紝懽髡骖}中，經(jīng)?？吹筋}目討論 have negative effects on“對(duì)...有消極影響”。今天，浩然老師和同學(xué)們分享雅思寫作中的高頻考點(diǎn) negative effects 的替換詞。

請(qǐng)看這道雅思寫作真題：

Human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some people think it is too late to do anything about this problem. Others believe that effective measures can be taken to improve this situation.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

(2011-12-10大陸) （2016-2-18大陸）

(2019-6-1大陸) （2020-8-8大陸）

在看講解之前，同學(xué)們先來頭腦風(fēng)暴一下，你在考場(chǎng)上能想出negative effects 的多少種替換表達(dá)呢？

（浩然老師根據(jù)最新雅思真題整理學(xué)習(xí)資料，未經(jīng)允許嚴(yán)禁一切商業(yè)用途）

劃重點(diǎn)！真題中 negative effects 的替換表達(dá)：

have a / an harmful / detrimental / damaging / adverse effect on

be harmful / detrimental / damaging / hazardous to

a negative influence / effect / impact / development / trend

have a pernicious influence on

adversely affect

present / pose a threat to, threaten, endanger

浩然老師特別提醒：學(xué)習(xí)詞匯既要有廣度，也要有深度！

廣度是指掌握充足的替換詞

深度是指替換詞的具體語境和詞組搭配準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用

我們結(jié)合例句，一起來看這些替換詞的具體用法：

harmful (adj.)(rather formal)

（尤指對(duì)健康或環(huán)境）有害的，導(dǎo)致?lián)p害的

the harmful effects of alcohol  酒精的害處

the harmful effects of smoking 吸煙的害處

Many household products are potentially harmful.

很多家用產(chǎn)品有潛在的危害。

~ to sb / sth

chemicals that are harmful to the environment

對(duì)環(huán)境有害的化學(xué)品

Fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.

果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。

This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.  已知這類化學(xué)品對(duì)哮喘病患者有害。

detrimental (adj.)(formal)

有害的，不利的 [syn] harmful, damage

the sun’s detrimental effect on skin

日光對(duì)皮膚的傷害

the detrimental effect of pollution on the environment

污染對(duì)環(huán)境的不利影響

~ to sb / sth

Smoking is detrimental to your health.

吸煙有害健康。

The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.

這項(xiàng)政策將不利于和平進(jìn)程。

damaging (adj.) 造成破壞的；有害的；損害的

damaging consequences / effects

破壞性的后果 / 影響

the damaging effects of sunlight

太陽光的破壞作用

~ to sb / sth

Lead is potentially damaging to children’s health.

鉛對(duì)兒童的健康具有潛在危害。

The loss of jobs was damaging to morale.

裁員影響了士氣

adverse (adj.) [usually before noun] 不利的；有害的；反面的

adverse change / circumstances / weather conditions

不利的變動(dòng)；逆境；惡劣天氣

The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.

由于天氣惡劣，探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)中止了。

They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.

他們擔(dān)心這會(huì)對(duì)全球金融市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生不利影響。

Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.

缺少資金將對(duì)我們的研究計(jì)劃有不利影響。

This drug is known to have adverse side effects.

眾所周知，這種藥具有不良副作用。

adversely (adv.)

Her health was adversely affected by the climate.

那種氣候損害了她的健康。

developments which had adversely affected their business

對(duì)他們的生意產(chǎn)生不利影響的事態(tài)發(fā)展

hazardous (adj.) 危險(xiǎn)的，有害的

dangerous, especially to people’s health or safety

~ to sb / sth

The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health.

油漆中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能對(duì)健康有害。

a list of products that are potentially hazardous to health

對(duì)健康有潛在危害的產(chǎn)品清單。

hazardous waste / chemicals

有害廢物 / 化學(xué)制品

the disposal of hazardous waste

有害廢棄物的處理

pernicious (adj.)(formal) 有害的，惡性的（尤指潛移默化地）

the pernicious effects of poverty

貧窮的危害性

the media’s pernicious influence

媒體的有害影響

She thinks television has a pernicious influence on our children.

她認(rèn)為電視對(duì)我們的孩子產(chǎn)生有害的影響。

There is a pernicious culture of excellence: everything has to be not merely good but the best.

對(duì)于優(yōu)秀存在著一種認(rèn)識(shí)的誤區(qū)：一切都務(wù)求最好。

總結(jié)：形容詞 harmful, detrimental, damaging, hazardous 后面都可以搭配介詞to使用

還有，表示威脅的相關(guān)表達(dá)，一般也可以表示“對(duì)...有消極影響”

present / pose a threat to, threaten, endanger

threat (n.) 威脅，恐嚇，兇兆

Britain’s rarest breeding birds are under threat from fanatical and selfish egg collectors.

英國最珍貴的種鳥正因?yàn)槟切┛駸岫运降镍B蛋收集者而面臨威脅。

There ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments.

新道路的修建可能對(duì)這些古老的林地造成破壞。

Even the most security-conscious computer user is under constant threat from computer viruses.

即使是有強(qiáng)烈安全意識(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)用戶也時(shí)刻處于計(jì)算機(jī)病毒入侵的威脅下。

The area remains under threat from commercial developers.

該地區(qū)仍然受商業(yè)開發(fā)商的威脅。

The programme is under threat of closure due to lack of funding.

該方案由于缺少資金，面臨終止的威脅。

present / pose a threat to sb / sth

The presence of the bacteria in cows does not present a threat to the food supply because it is killed during the pasteurization process.

Pollution poses a threat to fish.

污染對(duì)魚類構(gòu)成威脅。

Drugs pose a major threat to our society.

毒品對(duì)社會(huì)構(gòu)成重大威脅。

We can’t ignore the threat posed by nuclear weapons.

我們不能忽視核武器的威脅。

Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other road users.

酒后駕車者對(duì)其他路人構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅。

Bad air quality poses a serious threat to public health.

The greatest threat to our planet is global warming.

These measures pose a real threat to the future of agriculture.

~ of  [災(zāi)難等壞事] 發(fā)生的可能

the threat of famine

饑荒的威脅

threaten (v.) 危及，對(duì)...構(gòu)成威脅

[syn] endanger, at risk (from / of sth)

Pollution is threatening marine life.

污染正危及海洋生物。

Poaching threatens the survival of the rhino.

偷獵危及犀牛的生存。

British’s fishing industry remains threatened.

英國的捕魚業(yè)仍然面臨著威脅。

Overfishing threatens the survival of certain fish species.

過度捕撈對(duì)某些魚類的生存構(gòu)成了威脅。

Changing patterns of agriculture are threatening the countryside.

農(nóng)業(yè)模式的不斷變化可能會(huì)對(duì)農(nóng)村造成破壞。

Plants must be covered with a leaf-mould or similarly protected if frost threatens.

如果霜凍來臨，植物必須蓋上腐葉土或用類似方法加以保護(hù)。

be threaten with sth

Large areas of the jungle are now threatened with destruction.

大片大片的熱帶叢林現(xiàn)在面臨毀滅的危險(xiǎn)。

30 percent of reptiles, birds, and fish are currently threatened with extinction.

目前，30%的爬行動(dòng)物、鳥類和魚類面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。

threaten sb with sth

Doctors are sometimes threatened with violence if they don’t do what patients want.

醫(yī)生如果不按照病人的要求去做，有時(shí)會(huì)受到暴力威脅。

endanger (v.) 使遭危險(xiǎn)，危及，危害

~ sb / sth

The health of our children is being endangered by exhausted fumes.

我們孩子的健康正受到廢氣損害。

Smoking during pregnancy endangers your baby’s life.

孕期吸煙會(huì)危及胎兒生命。

The severe drought has endangered crops throughout the area.

嚴(yán)重的干旱已危及整個(gè)地區(qū)的農(nóng)作物。

舉一反三，你來練一練：

Traditional food is being replaced by international fast food. This has negative effects on family and society.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

（2007-6-16大陸）（2011-6-23大陸）（2021-4-24大陸）

這道雅思真題中 have negative effects on“對(duì)...有消極影響”可以有哪些替換表達(dá)呢？

堅(jiān)持原創(chuàng)，源于熱愛，真誠，專業(yè)，助力雅思備考路上的你！