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小編: 301同學(xué),你的屠鴨計(jì)劃進(jìn)行得順利嗎?
這一路上,要背單詞,翻譯句子,練完精聽(tīng)練精讀,說(shuō)完口語(yǔ)又去寫(xiě)作文……每個(gè)人都要經(jīng)歷重重考驗(yàn),克服無(wú)數(shù)困難。終于接近總分目標(biāo)了,突然沖出一只小怪獸,它的名字叫“單科不得低于6”。
好多屠鴨勇士們,聽(tīng)力和閱讀早7UP了,作文也寫(xiě)了厚厚一摞紙,準(zhǔn)備充分走進(jìn)考場(chǎng),一出成績(jī),寫(xiě)作只有5.5。
扎心嗎?
為啥要打6分就那么難??
對(duì)于雅思寫(xiě)作備考,每個(gè)上過(guò)考場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)士都能總結(jié)出自己的策略,但幾乎所有經(jīng)驗(yàn)都是針對(duì)大作文的。
所以普遍現(xiàn)象是Task2論證已經(jīng)發(fā)揮到天花板了,Task1圖表卻停留在復(fù)制粘貼數(shù)據(jù)的階段——既然不允許主觀臆斷隨意發(fā)揮,那就只好抄數(shù)據(jù)湊字?jǐn)?shù)嘍。
沒(méi)有哪一種傷害是單方面的,作者對(duì)付寫(xiě)一寫(xiě),考官扣分對(duì)付你。這樣一來(lái),小作文成了短板,拖了大作文后腿,自然打不上6分。
想要最快拿到6分,就必須消滅短板,填平大小作文質(zhì)量差異。
1.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幫你定位小作文短板
小作文,看似只要看圖寫(xiě)話。這種小學(xué)一年級(jí)的題型,在雅思中咋就這么難!
看看下面的場(chǎng)景,是不是描述了一個(gè)正在寫(xiě)小作文的你:
??苦惱一:圖中數(shù)據(jù)太多,審題10分鐘,還不確定寫(xiě)什么;
??苦惱二:有想法,但不會(huì)描述。整本雅思詞書(shū)背完,也沒(méi)找到恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,只好把數(shù)據(jù)們從圖表里搬到作文紙上。
問(wèn)題很?chē)?yán)重——作文內(nèi)容顯得機(jī)械重復(fù),上下文難以銜接,體現(xiàn)出的詞匯量小,句子結(jié)構(gòu)又單一,考官就只給5分。
內(nèi)容層面要主次分明,條理清晰,詞匯夠用,還會(huì)混搭句型。
2.劍橋范文幫你明確質(zhì)量差異
評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)聽(tīng)起來(lái)挺抽象,用一篇C9T3的餅圖舉例吧:
在描述這兩個(gè)國(guó)家不同年份間的數(shù)據(jù)變化時(shí),5分選手會(huì)這樣寫(xiě):
In Yemen, 15-59 years people will increase to 57.3% in 2050. And 60+ years will increase to 5.7%. In Italy, 15-59 years will decrease to 46.2% and 60+ people will increase to 42.3%.
這就是開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山的照搬數(shù)據(jù),以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變,一整篇作文,都在重復(fù)一個(gè)套路。這樣的句子好像連Siri都會(huì)寫(xiě),讓它去考試都能打5分了。
??要寫(xiě)成這樣才是6分(來(lái)自劍橋范文):
The projections for 2050 show that the number of people with 15-59 years and 60 years or more will increase in Yemen, reaching 57.3% and 5.7% respectively. In contrast, in Italy, the population with 15-59 years will decrease to 46.2%, while people with 60 years or more will grow to 42.3%.
看出區(qū)別了嗎?
雖然6分作文也在說(shuō)數(shù)據(jù),但是句子之間有連接詞的銜接,表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練,詞匯和句型都不重復(fù),看起來(lái)不枯燥。
再用C11T2的餅圖,明確一下表達(dá)差異吧:
要描述兩個(gè)年份中,占比最高的語(yǔ)種一直是Spanish, 如果這樣寫(xiě):
Spanish had 30% and it was the highest in 2000. In 2010, it increased to 35% and still was the highest.
雖然數(shù)據(jù)信息和最高值的概念都出現(xiàn)了,但是因?yàn)?/span>詞匯語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù),也只能是5分。
??劍橋6分范文這樣寫(xiě):
The biggest percentage had Spanish only with 30% in 2000. However it has increased by 5% and is in 2010 still the highest percentage with 35%.
這個(gè)句話的句型并不復(fù)雜,在表示上升的動(dòng)詞increase后用介詞by連接數(shù)據(jù),其他數(shù)據(jù)用介詞with銜接,避免了措辭的重復(fù)。
再用C15T1柱圖來(lái)加深一下印象:
在對(duì)比兩個(gè)城市的相似之處時(shí),5分選手可能這么表達(dá):Sydney has 43.7% and Melbourne has 42.3% and they are similar.
??6分范文這樣寫(xiě):In Sydney has 43.7 percent of city residents and has almost the same amount as Melbourne which is 42.3 percent.
差距是6分考生會(huì)用which從句引出平淡無(wú)奇的數(shù)據(jù)。
這些差異提醒我們,要提升小作文分?jǐn)?shù),就要重視數(shù)據(jù)的表達(dá)方式。要用好數(shù)據(jù),并且要好好用數(shù)據(jù),就能將短板升級(jí)成強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。
3.刻意練習(xí),哪里短板補(bǔ)哪里
這些道理誰(shuí)都懂,但是我真的做不到??!
別急,有問(wèn)題,就一定會(huì)有解決方案。既然5分與6分的差異,是我們利用范文對(duì)比得出的。那就把劍橋書(shū)后的考官范文安排上,精讀幾篇,提煉一些精彩詞匯和句型,通過(guò)仿寫(xiě)來(lái)升級(jí)自己寫(xiě)的大白話。
考官寫(xiě)的,你學(xué)會(huì)了,就成了你的,不香嗎?
最初可以從詞匯入手,先丟掉最最基礎(chǔ)的be動(dòng)詞+數(shù)據(jù),或者increase/decrease+數(shù)據(jù)的表達(dá)方式。
先看個(gè)例句:
(劍七-Test4)But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units.
(劍八-Test2) Teachers’ pay remained the biggest cost, reaching 50% of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.
范文中的producing, reaching, 還有ending at, 都可以替代is導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)。
別人家的句型到手了,下一步是讓它為自己的作文增光添彩。
還記得上面那個(gè)5分句子嗎,In Yemen, 15-59 years people will increase to 57.3% in 2050. And 60+ years will increase to 5.7%. In Italy, 15-59 years will decrease to 46.2% and 60+ people will increase to 42.3%.
模仿考官的寫(xiě)法試試看:In Yemen, 15-59 years people will increase, reaching 57.3% of total population in 2050.
除了V-ing形式,介詞with表示伴隨,這個(gè)大家都知道,它也可以用來(lái)導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù),比如:
(劍八-Test1) The impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and 0.2% of land affected respectively.
(劍四-Test1) However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.
還用上面那個(gè)5分句子,加入with升級(jí)后:Both 15-59 years and 60+ years in Yemen will increase, with 57.3% and 5.7% respectively.
掌握了這些詞匯之后,小學(xué)老師教的there be句型,也可以在描述數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)表示趨勢(shì)或存在,考官自己也在用:
(劍四-Test2) There is a sharp rise in the next hour to reach its maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by the end of the day.
(劍十三-Test2) In 2011, there was a slight increase in rented households and it was up to 38%.
換一個(gè)5分句子,用there be句型加持一下:
整容前:Sydney has 43.7% and Melbourne has 42.3% and they are similar.
整容后:There is a similar trend in both Sydney and Melbourne.
嫌棄there be沒(méi)有技術(shù)含量嗎?
那些在大作文中已經(jīng)實(shí)踐得很熟練的句型,比如定語(yǔ)從句,也可以用來(lái)導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù):
(劍三-Test4) In March, 1993United Stats had seven percent of their workforce which might not seen disastrous until compared with Japan, where 2.5% were unemployed.
(劍三-Test4) Noticeably, the highest divorce rate was in 1980, when about 1.4million divorces attracted the attention.
再挑一個(gè)5分句子:Spanish had 30% and it was the highest in 2000. In 2010, it increased to 35% and still was the highest.
加入定語(yǔ)從句后的樣子:Spanish had 30% in 2000 and 35% in2010, which remained the highest in both years.
最后,同樣是大作文中的流量明星,形式主語(yǔ)從句,比如It is interesting to note that…或者It is noticeable that…可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊的細(xì)節(jié)和最大值等信息:
(劍五-Test2) It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.
(劍四-Test1)It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.
來(lái)對(duì)比一下Spanish had 30% and it was the highest in 2000. In 2010, it increased to 35% and still was the highest.
與加入從句后的表達(dá):It is noticeable that the percentage of Spanish had remained the highest in both years.
總結(jié)
總結(jié)一下,寫(xiě)作突破6分,需要充足的耐心與細(xì)心,更需要關(guān)注評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)大小作文給予同等重視。
大作文可以靠議論的深度與廣度拿高分,也可以通過(guò)豐富的詞匯和句型來(lái)提分,小作文主要靠精確多變的描述數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言能力。
要把數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)得精彩,劍橋范文是個(gè)好東西。先精讀提煉詞匯句型,再仿寫(xiě)句子鞏固療效,做到大小作文一碗水端平。
搬運(yùn)數(shù)據(jù)等于搬磚,沒(méi)有功勞只有苦勞,現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始升級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá),祝你早日成為6分好青年!